Which of the following medications has a chemical structure similar to amphetamines and can increase dopamine levels?

Bupropion is the correct answer because it is known to have a chemical structure that shares similarities with amphetamines. It is classified as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), which means that it works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, thereby increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. This increase in dopamine can contribute to its effectiveness in treating depression and aiding in smoking cessation.

In contrast, the other options, such as escitalopram, fluvoxamine, and sertraline, belong to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class or related categories. These medications primarily focus on increasing serotonin levels rather than directly affecting dopamine levels. SSRIs are effective for many mood disorders but have a different mechanism of action compared to bupropion, which directly influences dopamine pathways. This distinction highlights why bupropion is recognized for its unique profile in treating certain mental health conditions.